STS-26

STS-26 was the twenty-sixth mission of the NASA Space Shuttle program and the seventh flight of the Space Shuttle ''Discovery''. It marked the triumphant return to flight for the program following the ''Challenger'' disaster in January 1986. The primary mission objective was the successful deployment of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-C), a critical component for future Space Shuttle and space station communications.

Mission overview

The flight was designated as mission STS-26R, the "R" signifying it was the first mission in the restructured flight numbering system after the tragedy. Launched from Kennedy Space Center LC-39B on September 29, 1988, the five-day mission was dedicated to deploying the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite and conducting a series of scientific experiments. The crew operated in two shifts to maximize productivity, with Frederick H. Hauck and Richard O. Covey leading the Blue Team and the remaining astronauts comprising the Red Team. The mission concluded with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California.

Crew

The crew consisted of five veteran NASA astronauts, all of whom had flown previously on the Space Shuttle. The commander was Frederick H. Hauck, a U.S. Navy captain who had flown on STS-7 and STS-51-A. The pilot was Richard O. Covey, a U.S. Air Force colonel and veteran of STS-51-I. The three mission specialists were John M. Lounge (STS-51-I), George D. Nelson (STS-41-C and STS-61-C), and David C. Hilmers (STS-51-J). This experienced team was carefully selected to restore confidence in the program's safety and operational readiness.

Mission background

The mission was conceived in the shadow of the Rogers Commission Report, which detailed the causes of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. In response, NASA implemented extensive modifications to the Space Shuttle fleet, including a redesigned Solid Rocket Booster joint and a new crew escape system. The Orbiter ''Discovery'' itself underwent over 200 changes. The lengthy hiatus allowed for a comprehensive review of all NASA procedures and safety culture. The choice of a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite as the primary payload underscored the mission's role in rebuilding essential space infrastructure.

Mission summary

Liftoff occurred at 11:37 AM EDT on September 29, 1988, after a smooth countdown. Approximately six hours into the flight, the crew successfully deployed the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite TDRS-C using the Inertial Upper Stage booster. The satellite later reached its proper geosynchronous orbit, joining the existing TDRS network. The crew conducted numerous mid-deck experiments, including investigations into protein crystal growth, fluid dynamics, and cosmic radiation effects. They also tested the new Orbiter Auxiliary Power Units and performed thorough photographic surveys of the Space Shuttle's External Tank during ascent.

Legacy and significance

The flawless execution of the mission was a pivotal moment for NASA and the United States space program, effectively ending a 32-month hiatus in American human spaceflight. It demonstrated the efficacy of the post-Challenger safety modifications and restored national confidence. The successful deployment of TDRS-C ensured robust communications for subsequent missions, including those critical to the development of the International Space Station. STS-26 is widely regarded as the mission that returned the Space Shuttle program to operational status and reaffirmed American leadership in space exploration. Category:Space Shuttle missions Category:1988 in spaceflight Category:1988 in the United States