Paphos

Paphos
Name	Paphos
Native name	Πάφος
Settlement type	City
Coordinates	34, 46, N, 32...
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	Cyprus
Subdivision type1	District
Subdivision name1	Paphos District
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Phedonas Phedonos
Population total	35,961
Population as of	2021
Population density km2	auto
Timezone	EET
Utc offset	+2
Timezone DST	EEST
Utc offset DST	+3
Postal code type	Postal code
Postal code	8000–8999
Area code	26
Website	www.pafos.org.cy

Paphos. A coastal city in the southwestern part of Cyprus, it serves as the capital of the Paphos District and is one of the island's most significant historical and cultural centers. Renowned as the legendary birthplace of the goddess Aphrodite, the city's rich heritage is epitomized by the extensive archaeological remains designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Modern Paphos is a vibrant hub blending ancient history with contemporary tourism, anchored by its picturesque Mediterranean harbour and medieval fort.

History

The area's history stretches back to the Neolithic period, with evidence of settlement at sites like Ktima. According to Greek mythology, the goddess Aphrodite rose from the sea near Petra tou Romiou and was worshipped at her sanctuary in Palaepaphos. The city-kingdom gained prominence, and under the Ptolemies, the administrative capital was moved to Nea Paphos, which flourished as a major port. It later became the Roman capital of the island, visited by proconsuls including Marcus Tullius Cicero and the apostle Paul. Following a devastating earthquake, it was rebuilt by the Byzantine Empire and later came under the control of the Knights Templar, the Lusignan dynasty, the Republic of Venice, and finally the Ottoman Empire in 1570. British administration began in 1878 until Cyprus gained independence in 1960.

Geography and climate

Located on the southwest coast of Cyprus, the city is divided into the upper section, Ktima, and the lower coastal area, Kato Paphos. The coastline features notable formations like the sea stacks at Petra tou Romiou and the Akamas Peninsula to the north. The region enjoys a typical Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, supporting a landscape of maquis shrubland and cultivated areas such as vineyards.

Archaeology and UNESCO sites

The "Paphos Archaeological Park" in Kato Paphos is the core of the UNESCO listing, containing spectacular Roman-era mosaics in the villas of Dionysus, Theseus, and Aion, an odeon, an agora, and the remnants of the Saranta Kolones castle. Nearby sites include the elaborate underground Tombs of the Kings and the pillar at St. Paul's Pillar. The sanctuary of Aphrodite at Palaepaphos (modern Kouklia) and the Chrysorrogiatissa Monastery are also significant historical landmarks.

Culture and modern life

As a European Capital of Culture in 2017, the city hosts numerous events, including the annual Paphos Aphrodite Festival which stages open-air operas at the medieval castle. Cultural institutions like the Paphos Archaeological Museum and the Byzantine Museum preserve local history. The city is a major tourist destination, with a lively seafront promenade, restaurants, and bars centered around the Paphos Harbour.

Transport

The city is served by Paphos International Airport, a major gateway for tourists. Public transport within the district is managed by OSYPA, providing bus connections. The main highway network, including the A6 and B6 roads, links it with Limassol and the capital, Nicosia. The port primarily serves leisure craft and fishing vessels.

Economy

The economy is heavily dependent on tourism, with numerous hotels and resorts lining the coast. The agricultural sector remains important, particularly the production of wine from local vineyards, bananas, and citrus fruits. Light manufacturing and construction also contribute, while the city benefits from its status as an administrative center for the wider district.

Category:Populated places in Paphos District Category:Archaeological sites in Cyprus Category:World Heritage Sites in Cyprus Category:Coastal cities in Cyprus