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Ministry of Education (India)

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Ministry of Education (India)
NameMinistry of Education
Formed15 August 1947 as the Ministry of Education
Preceding1Department of Education (British India)
JurisdictionGovernment of India
HeadquartersShastri Bhawan, New Delhi
Minister1 nameDharmendra Pradhan
Minister1 pfoMinister of Education
Chief1 nameSanjay Kumar
Chief1 positionSecretary
Chief2 nameK. Sanjay Murthy
Chief2 positionSecretary (Higher Education)
Child1 agencyDepartment of School Education and Literacy
Child2 agencyDepartment of Higher Education
Websitehttps://www.education.gov.in

Ministry of Education (India) is the apex national body responsible for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations, and laws relating to education across India. It oversees the development of the education system, from school education to higher education and technical learning. The ministry is headed by the Union Cabinet Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and operates through two key departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy and the Department of Higher Education.

History

The origins of the ministry trace back to the pre-independence Department of Education established under the British Raj. Following independence in 1947, the first Union Government under Jawaharlal Nehru created the Ministry of Education. A significant early milestone was the formation of the University Grants Commission in 1956 to oversee higher education. The ministry was renamed the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 1985 during the tenure of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, before reverting to its original name in 2020 under the government of Narendra Modi.

Organization

The ministry is structurally divided into two primary departments, each headed by a Secretary. The Department of School Education and Literacy handles primary education, secondary education, and adult literacy, overseeing bodies like the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). The Department of Higher Education manages university education, technical institutions, and scholarships, regulating entities such as the University Grants Commission, the All India Council for Technical Education, and the Indian Institutes of Technology. The ministry's headquarters are located at Shastri Bhawan in New Delhi.

Functions and responsibilities

The ministry's core mandate is to provide accessible and equitable quality education from preschool to post-doctoral levels. It formulates the National Education Policy, with the latest being the National Education Policy 2020. It is responsible for promoting Indian languages and culture, and it administers major scholarship schemes for SC/ST and other disadvantaged groups. The ministry also grants recognition to deemed universities, facilitates educational exchanges through initiatives like the Study in India programme, and coordinates with state governments and Union territories for implementation of central schemes.

Initiatives and programmes

The ministry has launched several flagship initiatives to transform the educational landscape. These include the Samagra Shiksha scheme for holistic school education, the Digital India-aligned DIKSHA platform for digital learning, and the SWAYAM portal for massive open online courses. The National Institutional Ranking Framework assesses higher education institutions, while the Institutions of Eminence scheme aims to develop world-class universities. Other key programmes are the Midday Meal Scheme, the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao campaign for girls' education, and the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana for skill development.

Ministers of Education

Since independence, the portfolio has been held by many prominent political figures. The first minister was Abul Kalam Azad, who served from 1947 to 1958. Other notable ministers include M. C. Chagla, Nurul Hasan, and Arjun Singh, who was in office during the implementation of the Mandal Commission recommendations. In recent years, key ministers have included Prakash Javadekar, Ramesh Pokhriyal, and the current incumbent, Dharmendra Pradhan, who is overseeing the rollout of the National Education Policy 2020.

The ministry works in conjunction with numerous autonomous and statutory organizations. Major bodies under its purview include the University Grants Commission, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), the National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration (NIEPA), and the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). It also oversees premier institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology, the National Institutes of Technology, the Indian Institutes of Management, and the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas.

Category:Education ministries Category:Ministries of the Government of India Category:Education in India