M1156 Precision Guidance Kit

M1156 Precision Guidance Kit. The M1156 Precision Guidance Kit is a modular Global Positioning System-based guidance package designed to convert standard 155 mm artillery shells into precision-guided munitions. Developed by BAE Systems for the United States Department of Defense, it enhances the accuracy of legacy M795 and M107 projectiles fired from towed howitzers like the M777 and self-propelled systems such as the M109 howitzer. Fielded to provide a cost-effective precision strike capability, it has seen operational use with the United States Army and the United States Marine Corps in various theaters.

Overview

The primary function of this system is to significantly reduce the Circular error probable of conventional artillery rounds, enabling engagement of point targets with fewer rounds and minimizing Collateral damage. It operates by receiving signals from the GPS satellite constellation and using internal Actuators to steer the projectile in flight via a course-correcting fuze. This capability allows artillery units to support maneuver forces with greater responsiveness and precision, aligning with modern Network-centric warfare doctrines. The kit is part of a broader family of precision guidance efforts that includes systems like the M982 Excalibur and the XM1155 program.

Development and history

The program originated from a United States Army requirement in the early 2000s to field an affordable precision guidance solution for existing stockpiles of 155 mm ammunition. BAE Systems was awarded the development contract, with key testing conducted at facilities like the Yuma Proving Ground. The project faced challenges related to cost control and meeting reliability standards, leading to a Low-rate initial production decision in 2013. It achieved Initial operational capability with the 2nd Battalion, 8th Field Artillery Regiment in 2015. Its development was influenced by lessons from conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, where precision artillery was in high demand.

Design and components

The kit consists of a guidance section that replaces the standard Artillery fuze on a compatible projectile. Its core components include a GPS receiver, an Inertial measurement unit, a control section with Canards, and a safe-and-arm device. The system is powered by a thermal battery activated by setback forces during firing. Guidance algorithms process position and attitude data to compute trajectory corrections, which are executed by small canards that deploy in flight to adjust the shell's path. The design emphasizes compatibility with existing Artillery fire control systems like the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System.

Operational use

Deployed with frontline artillery units, it has been integrated into the operational procedures of formations such as the 1st Infantry Division and the 3rd Marine Division. Its use provides commanders with a flexible option between unguided area fire and more expensive, full-course guided projectiles like the M982 Excalibur. The kit has been employed in training exercises at locations like the Joint Readiness Training Center and the National Training Center. Operational advantages include reduced logistical burden, as fewer rounds are needed per mission, and enhanced support for troops in contact in complex environments.

Variants

The primary production model is the M1156 PGK. An earlier developmental version was tested under the designation XM1156. While not a variant of the kit itself, its technology and operational role are part of a continuum that includes the newer M1155 guidance kit, which offers enhanced performance. The system is also considered for potential integration with other NATO-standard artillery projectiles, following interoperability efforts within the alliance. Its design philosophy of modular, add-on precision has influenced subsequent artillery modernization programs pursued by the United States Army Futures Command.

Category:Precision-guided munitions of the United States Category:155 mm artillery Category:BAE Systems