Long Island

Long Island
Ronald Diel · CC BY-SA 3.0 · source
Name	Long Island
Settlement type	Island
Coordinates	40.8, N, 73.3, W...
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	United States
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision name1	New York
Subdivision type2	Region
Subdivision name2	Northeastern United States
Subdivision type3	Counties
Subdivision name3	Kings, Queens, Nassau, Suffolk
Established title	Settled
Established date	17th century
Founder	Dutch and English colonists
Seat type	Largest settlement
Seat	Brooklyn (by population)
Unit pref	Imperial
Area total sq mi	1401
Area land sq mi	1188
Area water sq mi	213
Population as of	2020
Population total	8,063,232
Population density sq mi	auto
Population metro	20,140,470 (New York metropolitan area)
Population density metro sq mi	auto
Timezone	EST
Utc offset	-5
Timezone DST	EDT
Utc offset DST	-4
Postal code type	ZIP Codes
Postal code	100--, 110--, 115--, 117--, 118--, 119--
Area code	212, 347, 516, 631, 646, 718, 917, 929, 934
Blank name	FIPS code

Long Island. A major island in the Southeastern New York region of the United States, it extends eastward from the New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean. The island comprises four populous counties: the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens (co-terminus with Kings and Queens counties), and the suburban Nassau and Suffolk counties to the east. It is the most populous island in the United States and the 18th-most populous in the world, a central component of the New York metropolitan area.

Geography

The island is bounded by the Long Island Sound to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east, and the East River and New York Bay to the west. Its landforms include two terminal moraines from the Wisconsin glaciation: the Harbor Hill Moraine along the north shore and the Ronkonkoma Moraine running more centrally. The island's highest point is Jayne's Hill in Suffolk County. The eastern end splits into two peninsulas, the North Fork and the South Fork, the latter famed for the Hamptons and Montauk Point Lighthouse. Significant parks include the Fire Island National Seashore, Jones Beach State Park, and the Planting Fields Arboretum.

History

Indigenous peoples, including the Lenape and Metoac groups, inhabited the island for millennia before European contact. The first recorded European sighting was by the Dutch explorer Adriaen Block in 1614, after which it became part of the colony of New Netherland. Settlements like Breuckelen (Brooklyn) and Flushing were established under the Dutch West India Company. English control was secured after the 1664 capture of New Amsterdam, with the island becoming part of the Province of New York. The Battle of Long Island in 1776 was a significant early engagement of the American Revolutionary War. The 19th century saw growth through agriculture, whaling from ports like Sag Harbor, and the arrival of railroads like the Long Island Rail Road. The 20th century was defined by suburban expansion, catalyzed by projects like Levittown and parkways built by Robert Moses.

Demographics

With a population exceeding eight million, the island is incredibly diverse. Brooklyn and Queens are among the most ethnically varied counties in the nation, with large communities of Italian Americans, Irish Americans, Jewish Americans, African Americans, and Hispanic and Latino Americans, alongside rapidly growing populations from Asia, including Chinese Americans in Flushing and Indian Americans in Hicksville. Nassau County is known for its affluent suburbs, while Suffolk County features a mix of suburbs, rural areas, and vineyard regions. Major educational institutions include Stony Brook University, Hofstra University, and Adelphi University.

Economy

The economy is vast and varied, anchored by sectors like finance and professional services in western counties, with many residents commuting to Manhattan. Brooklyn has become a major hub for technology startups and creative industries. Healthcare systems such as Northwell Health and NYU Langone Health are leading employers. Eastern Suffolk County has a significant agricultural sector, producing wine, duck, and nursery products, with famed vineyards in the North Fork and around the Hamptons. Defense contracting, centered near companies like Northrop Grumman and the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, is also crucial. Tourism is a major industry, driven by beaches, wineries, and historic sites like Old Westbury Gardens.

Culture and recreation

The island has a profound cultural impact, being the birthplace of movements like abstract expressionism at East Hampton studios and the hometown of musical icons like Billy Joel and Marlon Brando. It is home to premier arts institutions such as the Nassau Coliseum, Jones Beach Theater, and the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)'s affiliate, MoMA PS1. Sports are deeply embedded, with loyal fan bases for the New York Islanders of the NHL and the New York Mets of MLB, who play at Citi Field. Recreational Baseball Hall of Baseball|MLB who play at Citi Field. Recreational York Mets of|MLB at Citi Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Recreational Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field. Field.

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