Khimki Reservoir

Khimki Reservoir. It is a significant artificial water body located in the northwestern part of Moscow, forming a part of the capital's extensive water management system. Created in the 1930s, it serves crucial functions for canal navigation, municipal water supply, and flood control. The reservoir is a prominent feature of the city's northern landscape, bordered by districts such as Pokrovskoye-Streshnevo and the city of Khimki, and is a notable site for recreation and ecological study.

Geography and location

The reservoir is situated within the boundaries of Moscow and Moscow Oblast, primarily lying to the northwest of the city center. It is integrated into the Moscow Canal system, connecting the Volga River basin to the Moskva River. Key geographical features include its proximity to the Leningradskoye Highway and areas like Levoberezhny District. The northern shores are adjacent to the city of Khimki, while its waters stretch towards other districts including Severnoye Tushino. The reservoir's creation significantly altered the local topography and hydrology of the Khimka River valley.

History

The reservoir's construction was an integral part of the ambitious Moscow Canal project initiated during the era of Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plans. Built between 1932 and 1937 by the NKVD-administered Dmitlag labor camp system, its primary purpose was to secure a reliable deep-water transportation route and water supply for the growing capital. The flooding of the Khimka River valley submerged several historical villages and altered the local landscape permanently. During the Battle of Moscow in World War II, the area held strategic importance. In the post-war period, it became a key component of the Unified Deep Water System of European Russia.

Hydrology and water management

As a flow-through reservoir on the Khimka River, it plays a vital role in regulating water levels for the Moscow Canal, ensuring navigable depths for vessels traveling between the Volga River and the Moskva River. Its operations are managed by the federal Rosmorrechflot agency. The reservoir helps maintain stable water levels downstream in Moscow and assists in flood control during spring snowmelt. Its water is also utilized for the cooling systems of industrial enterprises and for supplementing the municipal water supply managed by Mosvodokanal.

Ecology and environmental issues

The reservoir's ecosystem is typical of urban water bodies in the region, supporting species such as perch, roach, and pike. However, it faces significant environmental pressures from urban runoff, industrial discharges, and historical pollution. The water quality is monitored by agencies like Rosprirodnadzor, with concerns often raised about nutrient loading and contamination. Conservation efforts are complicated by its intensive recreational use and its role in commercial navigation. The surrounding areas include patches of riparian vegetation that provide habitat for local birdlife.

Recreation and tourism

The reservoir is a popular destination for residents of Moscow and the surrounding region. Its shores, particularly in the Severnoye Tushino park area, feature beaches, boat rental stations, and walking paths. It is a favored spot for activities such as sailing, windsurfing, and fishing. Several yacht clubs, including those associated with the Central Army Sports Club, are located along its banks. The reservoir offers scenic views of landmarks like the Moscow Canal's architectural structures and is traversed by river tram routes during the navigation season. Category:Reservoirs in Russia Category:Geography of Moscow Category:Moscow Canal