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John Marshall Harlan II

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John Marshall Harlan II
John Marshall Harlan II
source
NameJohn Marshall Harlan II
OfficeAssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
TermstartSeptember 23, 1955
TermendSeptember 23, 1971
NominatorDwight D. Eisenhower
PredecessorFelix Frankfurter
SuccessorLewis F. Powell Jr.
BirthdateMay 20, 1908
BirthplaceChicago, Illinois
DeathdateDecember 29, 1971
DeathplaceChicago, Illinois
EducationPrinceton University (BA)
Alma materHarvard Law School (LLB)

John Marshall Harlan II was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1955 to 1971. He was a grandson of John Marshall Harlan, another Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Harlan II was known for his conservative judicial philosophy and his strong opinions on issues such as civil rights and judicial restraint. He was a prominent figure in the Court's decisions during the Civil Rights Movement.

Early life and education

Harlan was born on May 20, 1908, in Chicago, Illinois, to John Marshall Harlan and Malvina Harlan. He grew up in a family with a strong legal tradition, with his father and grandfather both serving as judges. Harlan attended Princeton University, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1929. He then attended Harvard Law School, where he earned his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1932.

After graduating from law school, Harlan clerked for Justice Elliott Wilkins Jackson of the Illinois Supreme Court. He then worked as a lawyer in Chicago, specializing in corporate law. In 1944, Harlan became a partner at the law firm of Holbrook, Abbott & Harlan, where he worked until 1955. During World War II, Harlan served in the United States Army from 1942 to 1945.

Supreme Court tenure

On January 10, 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated Harlan to the Supreme Court of the United States to fill the seat vacated by Felix Frankfurter. Harlan was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 23, 1955, and took his seat on the Court. During his time on the Court, Harlan was a strong advocate for judicial restraint and originalism. He was also a key player in several major decisions, including Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Loving v. Virginia (1967), and New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964).

Judicial philosophy and legacy

Harlan's judicial philosophy was rooted in his commitment to judicial restraint and originalism. He believed that judges should interpret the Constitution and laws in a narrow and limited way, without imposing their own personal views or values. Harlan was also a strong advocate for individual rights and civil liberties, and he played a key role in several major decisions expanding civil rights and freedom of speech. His legacy as a jurist has been widely praised, and he is remembered as one of the most influential justices of the 20th century.

Personal life and death

Harlan married Evelyn Hall Harlan in 1933, and they had two children together. He was a member of the American Bar Association and the Chicago bar association. Harlan died on December 29, 1971, in Chicago, Illinois, at the age of 63. He is buried in the Montrose Cemetery in Chicago. Category:Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States