Jesse Unruh

Jesse Unruh was an influential American politician who dominated California state politics in the mid-20th century, earning the nickname "Big Daddy" for his formidable political power and physical stature. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the powerful Speaker of the California State Assembly during a period of immense growth for the state and later as California State Treasurer. Unruh is best remembered for his role in modernizing the California State Legislature, his famous aphorism that "money is the mother's milk of politics," and his complex relationships with prominent figures like Governor Pat Brown and his son, Governor Jerry Brown.

Early life and education

Born in Newton, Kansas, he grew up during the Great Depression in a working-class family, an experience that shaped his political outlook. After serving in the United States Navy during World War II, he utilized the G.I. Bill to attend the University of Southern California, where he earned both a Bachelor of Arts and a Master of Arts in political science. His time at USC ignited his interest in California government and politics, setting the stage for his future career. He initially worked as a high school teacher and later as a staffer for the California State Senate before launching his own political campaign.

Political career

He was first elected to represent Los Angeles County in the California State Assembly in 1954, quickly rising through the ranks due to his sharp intellect and mastery of legislative procedure. During the late 1950s, he became a key ally and campaign manager for Governor Pat Brown, helping him win crucial elections. His growing influence positioned him to challenge the existing leadership, and he successfully engineered the ouster of Speaker Ralph M. Brown in 1961, securing the speakership for himself. This victory marked the beginning of an unprecedented era of strong, centralized power in the California State Legislature.

Speakership and legislative impact

As Speaker of the California State Assembly from 1961 to 1969, he transformed the office into one of the most powerful in the nation, professionalizing the legislature and greatly expanding its staff and resources. He championed the passage of the Master Plan for Higher Education in California and major water projects, while also navigating the tumultuous social issues of the 1960s, including the Free Speech Movement and the Watts riots. His tenure was defined by fierce battles with Governor Ronald Reagan over the state budget and social programs. It was during this period that he coined his most famous phrase about money and politics, underscoring his belief in the necessity of campaign fundraising.

Later career and legacy

After an unsuccessful run for Governor of California in 1970, he was elected California State Treasurer in 1974, serving from 1975 until his death in 1987. As treasurer, he was a pioneering advocate for socially responsible investing, using the state's financial clout to influence corporate behavior on issues like apartheid in South Africa. His legacy is that of the archetypal "strong speaker" who institutionalized legislative power, a model followed in many other states. The Jesse M. Unruh Institute of Politics at the University of Southern California is named in his honor, and the Jesse M. Unruh Assembly Fellowship Program continues to train future legislative staff.

Personal life

He was married twice, first to Virginia June Lemon, with whom he had four children, and later to journalist Chris Ohlson. Known for his larger-than-life personality, he enjoyed robust meals and was a formidable negotiator who could be both charming and intimidating. His political career was marked by a significant evolution from a conservative Democrat to a more progressive figure, particularly on civil rights and environmental issues. He died of cancer in Marina del Rey, California, leaving behind a profoundly altered political landscape in California.

Category:1922 births Category:1987 deaths Category:California State Treasurers Category:Speakers of the California State Assembly Category:California Democrats