Jair Bolsonaro
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| Jair Bolsonaro | |
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| Name | Jair Bolsonaro |
| Caption | Bolsonaro in 2022 |
| Office | President of Brazil |
| Term start | 1 January 2019 |
| Term end | 31 December 2022 |
| Vicepresident | Hamilton Mourão |
| Predecessor | Michel Temer |
| Successor | Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
| Office1 | Member of the Chamber of Deputies |
| Term start1 | 1 February 1991 |
| Term end1 | 31 December 2018 |
| Constituency1 | Rio de Janeiro |
| Birth name | Jair Messias Bolsonaro |
| Birth date | 21 March 1955 |
| Birth place | Glicério, São Paulo, Brazil |
| Party | Liberal Party (2021–present) |
| Otherparty | Christian Democratic Party (2005–2016), Progressive Party (2016–2018), Social Liberal Party (2018–2019), Alliance for Brazil (2019–2021) |
| Spouse | Rogéria Nantes Nunes Braga (m. 1978; div. 1997), Ana Cristina Valle (m. 1997; div. 2007), Michelle de Paula Firmo Reinaldo (m. 2013) |
| Children | 5, including Flávio, Carlos, and Eduardo |
| Education | Agulhas Negras Military Academy |
| Allegiance | Brazil |
| Branch | Brazilian Army |
| Serviceyears | 1971–1988 |
| Rank | Captain |
Jair Bolsonaro is a Brazilian politician and former military officer who served as the 38th President of Brazil from 2019 to 2022. A career politician who represented the state of Rio de Janeiro in the Chamber of Deputies for nearly three decades, his presidency was defined by right-wing populism, socially conservative policies, and a contentious relationship with democratic institutions. His tenure was marked by significant events including the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, widespread Amazon deforestation, and a polarized political climate culminating in the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack.
Early life and military career
Jair Messias Bolsonaro was born in 1955 in the small town of Glicério, located in the interior of São Paulo. He entered the army in 1971, graduating from the prestigious Agulhas Negras Military Academy in 1977. During the final years of the Brazilian military dictatorship, he served as a paratrooper in the Artillery and achieved the rank of Captain. His military career was controversial; he was disciplined for writing an article in the magazine ''Veja'' criticizing low military salaries and was later accused of planning bombings, though he was acquitted by the Supreme Military Court.
Political career before presidency
After leaving the army, Bolsonaro launched a political career, winning a seat on the Rio de Janeiro City Council in 1988. In 1990, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, representing Rio de Janeiro for seven consecutive terms. Throughout his lengthy congressional tenure, he was known for his socially conservative and militaristic rhetoric, often expressing admiration for the Brazilian military dictatorship and making inflammatory statements regarding LGBTQ+ rights, indigenous communities, and women. He switched parties multiple times, serving under banners like the Christian Democratic Party and the Progressive Party.
Presidency (2019–2022)
Bolsonaro won the 2018 presidential election, defeating Fernando Haddad of the Workers' Party. His administration, with Hamilton Mourão as Vice President, pursued a right-wing agenda emphasizing economic liberalization, gun rights, and conservative social values. His handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil drew intense domestic and international criticism, clashing with governors like João Doria of São Paulo and health officials. Environmental policy was dominated by increased Amazon deforestation and conflicts with agencies like IBAMA. His presidency faced numerous crises, including investigations by the Supreme Federal Court and mass protests. He was defeated by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the 2022 Brazilian general election.
Post-presidency and legal issues
Following his election loss, Bolsonaro remained in Brasília for weeks before traveling to Orlando, Florida, in the days before the inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. His absence from the transfer of power was unprecedented. In the aftermath, his supporters stormed the Praça dos Três Poderes in the 2023 Brazilian Congress attack, leading to investigations into his potential role. He faces multiple legal probes in Brazil, including investigations by the Superior Electoral Court for alleged abuse of political power and by the Federal Police concerning allegations related to Saudi jewelry gifts. His political rights were suspended for eight years by the electoral court.
Political positions and ideology
Bolsonaro's ideology is often described as right-wing populist and nationally conservative, with strong influences from military authoritarianism and social conservatism. He is a vocal supporter of gun rights and the Brazilian military, frequently criticizing communism and the legacy of the Workers' Party. His foreign policy favored alignment with the United States under Donald Trump and Israel, while distancing Brazil from left-led governments in Latin America. On environmental issues, he advocated for commercial development in the Amazon rainforest and weakened enforcement by agencies like IBAMA and the National Institute for Space Research.
Personal life
Bolsonaro has been married three times: to Rogéria Nantes Nunes Braga, with whom he had three children; to Ana Cristina Valle, mother of one child; and since 2013, to Michelle Bolsonaro. His sons Flávio, Carlos, and Eduardo Bolsonaro are all active in politics. He survived a near-fatal stabbing attack during a campaign event in Juiz de Fora in 2018, perpetrated by Adélio Bispo de Oliveira. An avid Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner, he is also a member of the Pentecostal Assembleias de Deus church. His public persona is closely tied to his use of social media, particularly Twitter and Facebook.
Category:Presidents of Brazil Category:Brazilian military personnel Category:21st-century Brazilian politicians