Islamabad

Islamabad
Name	Islamabad
Settlement type	Capital city
Coordinates	33, 41, 35, N...
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	Pakistan
Subdivision type1	Territory
Subdivision name1	Islamabad Capital Territory
Established title	Established
Established date	1960s
Founder	President Ayub Khan
Government type	Federal capital
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	(Vacant)
Area total km2	906
Elevation m	490
Population total	1,014,825
Population as of	2017
Population density km2	auto
Timezone	Pakistan Standard Time
Utc offset	+5
Postal code type	Postal Index Number
Postal code	44000
Area code	051
Website	www.islamabad.gov.pk

Islamabad. The capital city of Pakistan, it was purpose-built in the 1960s to replace Karachi as the national seat of government. Designed by Greek architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, the city is known for its master-planned layout, high standards of living, and scenic location at the foothills of the Himalayas. It serves as the political and administrative heart of the country, housing key institutions like the Parliament of Pakistan and the Supreme Court of Pakistan.

History

The decision to construct a new capital was made during the administration of President Ayub Khan in the late 1950s, with the goal of creating a modern city that symbolized the nation's aspirations. The area, historically part of the Pothohar Plateau and near the ancient archaeological site of Taxila, was selected for its strategic location and moderate climate. The master plan was developed by Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, whose firm Doxiadis Associates implemented the grid-based sector design. The city officially became the capital in the 1960s, with government offices gradually relocating from Karachi. Key early infrastructure projects included the construction of the Pakistan Secretariat and the move of the National Assembly.

Geography and climate

The city is situated on the Pothohar Plateau in the northern part of the country, with the Margalla Hills—an offshoot of the Himalayas—forming its northern boundary. The Rawal Lake, an artificial reservoir, is a significant geographical feature within the Islamabad Capital Territory. The climate is characterized by a humid subtropical climate with hot summers, a distinct monsoon season influenced by the Himalayas, and cool winters. The city's planned location was partly chosen for its lower seismic risk compared to other regions and its proximity to the historic Grand Trunk Road.

Demographics

As per the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the population is ethnically diverse, with significant numbers of Punjabis, Pashtuns, Kashmiris, and Muhajirs. The official language is Urdu, while Punjabi and Pashto are widely spoken. The city has a high literacy rate and is home to a large number of civil servants, diplomats, and employees of international organizations like the United Nations. The presence of numerous embassies, such as those of the United States and China, contributes to its cosmopolitan character.

Government and politics

The city is administered by the Islamabad Capital Territory Administration, overseen by the Ministry of Interior. The Parliament of Pakistan, comprising the National Assembly and the Senate, is located in the Parliament House. Other critical institutions include the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Prime Minister's Secretariat, and the Aiwan-e-Sadr (Presidency). The city hosts the headquarters of major political parties, including the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf and the Pakistan Muslim League (N), and is a frequent site for major political rallies and diplomatic summits.

Economy

The economy is dominated by the public sector, with major employers being the Government of Pakistan, the armed forces, and regulatory bodies like the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan. The city is also a center for information technology, with a growing presence of software companies and startups, supported by initiatives like the National Incubation Center. Key commercial areas include the Blue Area and Jinnah Avenue. The presence of international organizations such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank further contributes to the service-oriented economy.

Culture and landmarks

The city is known for its modern architecture and green spaces, such as the Shakarparian park and the Margalla Hills National Park. The iconic Faisal Mosque, designed by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay, is one of the largest mosques in the world. Major cultural institutions include the Pakistan National Council of the Arts, the Lok Virsa Museum, and the National Art Gallery. The Pakistan Monument on Shakarparian Hill is a significant national symbol. The city hosts various events, including the annual Islamabad Literature Festival, and is home to educational institutions like Quaid-i-Azam University and the National University of Sciences and Technology.

Category:Capitals in Asia Category:Populated places in Islamabad Capital Territory Category:1960s establishments in Pakistan