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House of Luxembourg

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Article Genealogy
Parent: Luxembourg Hop 4
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House of Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
Wereszczyński · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source
NameHouse of Luxembourg
Native nameHaus Luxemburg
Parent familyHouse of Ardenne
CountryHoly Roman Empire, Kingdom of Bohemia, County of Luxembourg
TitlesHoly Roman Emperor, King of the Romans, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of Germany, Margrave of Brandenburg, Duke of Luxembourg, Count of Luxembourg
Founded1247
FounderHenry V, Count of Luxembourg
Final rulerSigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Dissolution1437
EthnicityGerman

House of Luxembourg. A prominent dynasty of the late Middle Ages, the House of Luxembourg rose from the County of Luxembourg to provide several Holy Roman Emperors and Kings of Bohemia, profoundly influencing Central European politics. Their reign, particularly under Charles IV, marked a golden age for Prague and the Kingdom of Bohemia, though their power waned after the death of Sigismund. The family's extinction in the male line triggered the succession conflicts that led to the Hussite Wars and the rise of the House of Habsburg.

History

The dynasty's ascent began when Henry VII was elected King of the Romans in 1308, culminating in his imperial coronation in 1312, the first such ceremony in Rome in over sixty years. His son, John the Blind, secured the Kingdom of Bohemia through marriage, though he died famously at the Battle of Crécy. The family's zenith was reached under John's son, Charles IV, who issued the pivotal Golden Bull of 1356, established the University of Prague, and made his capital a major cultural center. Subsequent rulers like Wenceslaus IV and Sigismund contended with the Great Schism, the Council of Constance, and the devastating Hussite Wars. The death of Sigismund in 1437 ended the direct male line, with his lands and claims passing through his daughter Elizabeth of Luxembourg to the House of Habsburg.

Members

Key male-line members included the founder Henry V, Count of Luxembourg and the first emperor, Henry VII. John the Blind, a famed knight, was succeeded by his immensely influential son, Charles IV. Charles's sons, Wenceslaus IV and Sigismund, were the last major standard-bearers, with Sigismund also becoming King of Hungary and King of Croatia. Notable female members included Bonne of Bohemia, wife of King John II of France, and Elizabeth of Pomerania, wife of Charles IV. Jobst of Moravia briefly rivaled Sigismund for the imperial title.

Lands and titles

The family's core patrimony was the County of Luxembourg, later elevated to a duchy. Through marriage and election, they acquired the Kingdom of Bohemia, which became their power base, along with the associated Margraviate of Moravia. At various times, they also held the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Duchy of Görlitz, and the Duchy of Limburg. Their highest offices were the Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Romans, with Sigismund also ruling the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Croatia, and the March of Brandenburg.

Legacy

The legacy of the dynasty is most visible in Prague, where Charles IV commissioned landmarks like Charles Bridge, St. Vitus Cathedral, and Karlštejn Castle. The Golden Bull of 1356 standardized imperial election procedures for centuries. Their patronage fostered the development of Bohemian school painting and Gothic architecture in the region. The family's failure to produce a male heir directly contributed to the Hussite Wars and the subsequent ascendancy of the House of Habsburg, which inherited the Bohemian crown and ultimately the imperial throne, reshaping European history.

Genealogy

The house descended from the House of Ardenne, with Henry V, Count of Luxembourg as its progenitor. His son, Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg, was father to Henry VII. Henry VII's son was John the Blind, who married Elizabeth of Bohemia, a Princess of the Přemyslid dynasty. Their children included Charles IV and Bonne of Bohemia. Charles IV's marriages produced heirs including Wenceslaus IV and Sigismund. Sigismund's marriage to Mary of Hungary produced only a daughter, Elizabeth of Luxembourg, whose marriage to Albert of Habsburg united the Luxembourg inheritance with the House of Habsburg.

Category:Holy Roman Empire Category:History of Luxembourg Category:Royal families of Bohemia Category:German noble families