Guizhou
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| Guizhou | |
|---|---|
| Name | Guizhou |
| Settlement type | Province |
| Coordinates | 26, 50, N, 106... |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Guiyang |
| Area total km2 | 176,167 |
| Population total | 38,562,148 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Demographics type1 | Ethnic composition |
| Demographics1 title1 | Han |
| Demographics1 info1 | 63.6% |
| Demographics1 title2 | Miao |
| Demographics1 info2 | 12.0% |
| Demographics1 title3 | Bouyei |
| Demographics1 info3 | 7.0% |
| Demographics1 title4 | Dong |
| Demographics1 info4 | 5.0% |
| Demographics1 title5 | Tujia |
| Demographics1 info5 | 4.0% |
| Demographics1 title6 | Others |
| Demographics1 info6 | 8.4% |
| Gdp total | CNY 1.78 trillion |
| Gdp as of | 2020 |
| Gdp per capita | CNY 46,228 |
| Hdi | 0.674 |
| Hdi as of | 2018 |
| Iso code | CN-GZ |
Guizhou. It is a landlocked province in the southwestern region of the People's Republic of China, renowned for its rugged karst topography, rich ethnic diversity, and significant role in modern Chinese history. The provincial capital and largest city is Guiyang, a major economic and transportation hub. Governed as part of the Southwest China region, it shares borders with Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Guangxi, and Yunnan.
Geography
The province is dominated by the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, characterized by a highly mountainous and karst landscape with significant elevations. Major river systems include the Wujiang River and the Beipan River, which are part of the extensive Yangtze River and Pearl River drainage basins, respectively. Notable natural features include the Huangguoshu Waterfall, one of Asia's largest waterfalls, and the Zhijin Cave complex. The climate is classified as humid subtropical, with moderate temperatures but frequent overcast conditions, leading to the local saying "天无三日晴" (not three sunny days in a row). Key protected areas include the Fanjingshan UNESCO World Heritage Site, a biodiversity hotspot for rare species like the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey.
History
Historically part of the ancient Yelang kingdom, the region was formally incorporated into the Chinese empire during the Qin dynasty and later the Han dynasty. It remained a frontier area, with significant development occurring during the Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty through military garrisons and administrative integration. The province gained strategic importance during the Second Sino-Japanese War when the Nationalist government relocated industries and institutions inland, including the famed Zunyi Conference site of the Chinese Communist Party. In the modern era, major infrastructure projects like the Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway have transformed its connectivity.
Economy
Traditionally one of China's less developed provinces, the economy has experienced rapid growth driven by sectors like big data, with major tech companies such as Apple Inc. and Huawei establishing data centers in Guiyang. It is a national leader in the production of Moutai, a distinctive baijiu spirit distilled in Maotai Town, and a significant producer of coal, phosphorus, and hydropower. The agricultural sector is known for specialty products like tea from Meitan County and chili peppers. Tourism, focused on ethnic villages and natural scenery, has become an increasingly vital industry, supported by initiatives like the Ecological Civilization Guiyang International Forum.
Demographics
The population is one of China's most ethnically diverse, with the Han Chinese constituting a majority alongside numerous ethnic minorities in China. The largest minority groups are the Miao people, Bouyei people, Dong people, and Tujia people, each with distinct languages, traditions, and concentrated settlement areas. Significant population centers include Guiyang, Zunyi, and Liupanshui. While Standard Chinese is the official language, various Sino-Tibetan languages like Miao languages and Kam–Sui languages are widely spoken, alongside local dialects of Southwestern Mandarin.
Culture
The cultural landscape is defined by the vibrant traditions of its ethnic groups, evident in festivals like the Miao New Year and the Lusheng Festival. The Dong people are renowned for their architectural heritage, including the iconic Dong wind and rain bridges and Drum towers. Performing arts feature prominently, such as the Dong Grand Song, a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, and local opera forms. Cuisine is famously spicy and sour, with signature dishes including sour fish soup and Siwawa. The province is also noted for its distinctive batik textile art and silver jewelry crafted by Miao artisans.
Transportation
Historically isolated by its terrain, connectivity has been dramatically improved through massive infrastructure investment. The province is now a key node in China's high-speed rail network, served by lines such as the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway and the Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed railway. Major expressways include the G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway and the G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway. Aviation is centered on Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport, with other airports in Zunyi, Tongren, and Xingyi. Inland water transport is limited but developing along the Wujiang River.
Category:Provinces of China Category:Southwest China