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DC

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DC
Settlement typeFederal district
Subdivision typeCountry
Subdivision nameUnited States
Established titleResidence Act
Established date1790
Established title2Organized
Established date21801
Established title3Home Rule Act
Established date31973
FounderGeorge Washington
Named forChristopher Columbus
Government typeMayor–council
Governing bodyCouncil of the District of Columbia
Leader titleMayor
Leader nameMuriel Bowser
Area total km2177.0
Area total sq mi68.34
Area land km2158.1
Area land sq mi61.05
Area water km218.9
Area water sq mi7.29
Population total689,545
Population as of2020
Population density km2auto
Population density sq miauto
TimezoneEST
Utc offset−5
Timezone DSTEDT
Utc offset DST−4

DC. Formally known as the District of Columbia, it serves as the capital of the United States. Founded following the passage of the Residence Act of 1790, the city was established on land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia. It is a unique federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress and is not part of any U.S. state.

History

The site was selected by President George Washington and designed by Pierre Charles L'Enfant in a grand Baroque style. The Capitol building was begun in 1793, and the federal government officially moved from Philadelphia in 1800. The city was burned by British forces during the War of 1812. It grew significantly after the American Civil War and was the center of the Civil Rights Movement, with key events like the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. The District of Columbia Home Rule Act of 1973 granted it an elected mayor and council, though Congress retains ultimate authority.

Government and politics

The district's government operates under a mayor-council system, with current leadership under Mayor Muriel Bowser and the Council of the District of Columbia. However, ultimate legislative power rests with the United States Congress, and it has no voting representation in that body. Its sole congressional delegate, Eleanor Holmes Norton, may serve on committees but cannot vote on the House floor. The district's status and quest for statehood are perennial political issues. The Democratic Party dominates local elections, and the city's voters strongly supported candidates like Joe Biden and Barack Obama.

Geography

Located on the east bank of the Potomac River, it borders the state of Virginia to the southwest and Maryland to the north, east, and southeast. The district's original plan included the cities of Georgetown and Alexandria; the land south of the Potomac was retroceded to Virginia in 1847. Its topography is relatively flat, rising from the river to low hills, with Rock Creek Park providing a major green space. The Washington Channel and the Anacostia River are other significant waterways within its bounds.

Demographics

According to the 2020 United States Census, the population was approximately 689,545. It has a diverse population, with significant African American communities that have shaped its cultural and political identity. Other large demographic groups include growing Hispanic and white populations. The city is also home to many international residents due to the presence of embassies, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. Neighborhoods like Shaw and Adams Morgan reflect this ethnic and cultural diversity.

Economy

The economy is dominated by the federal government, with agencies like the Department of Defense and the Department of Health and Human Services being major employers. It is also a global center for law, lobbying, and think tanks, including the Brookings Institution and the Heritage Foundation. Tourism is a significant industry, centered on the National Mall and institutions like the Smithsonian Institution. Professional services, education, and scientific research are other key sectors, supported by entities like George Washington University and Howard University.

Culture

The city is renowned for its national monuments and museums, most of which are part of the Smithsonian Institution, such as the National Museum of African American History and Culture. The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is a premier venue for theater, dance, and music. It has a vibrant local music scene that gave birth to go-go music, associated with bands like Chuck Brown and the Soul Searchers. Annual events include the National Cherry Blossom Festival and the White House Easter Egg Roll. The city is also a major media hub, hosting headquarters for The Washington Post and CBS News.

Category:Capitals in North America Category:1790 establishments in the United States Category:Populated places established in 1790