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Carlisle, Pennsylvania

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Carlisle, Pennsylvania
NameCarlisle
Settlement typeBorough
Subdivision typeCountry
Subdivision nameUnited States
Subdivision type1State
Subdivision name1Pennsylvania
Subdivision type2County
Subdivision name2Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Established titleFounded
Established date1751
Leader titleMayor
Leader nameSean Shultz
Area total km214.45
Area total sq mi5.58
Population as of2020
Population total20,118
Population density km2auto
Population density sq miauto
TimezoneEastern Time Zone
Utc offset-5
Timezone DSTEDT
Utc offset DST-4
Coordinates40, 12, 9, N...
Postal code typeZIP Code
Postal code17013
Area code717
Blank nameFIPS code
Blank info42-11272
Websitewww.carlislepa.org

Carlisle, Pennsylvania. A historic borough and the county seat of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, it is situated within the fertile Cumberland Valley. Founded in the mid-18th century, it played significant roles during the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the American Civil War. Today, it is known for its well-preserved historic district, the presence of the United States Army War College, and a diverse economic base.

History

The area was originally inhabited by the Lenape and Susquehannock peoples before European settlement. Founded in 1751 by Proprietor Thomas Penn, it was named after the English city and quickly became a frontier hub. During the French and Indian War, it served as a critical military staging area; Fort Lowther was constructed, and figures like John Armstrong launched the Kittanning Expedition from here. In the American Revolution, it was a center of political activity, hosting the Committee of Correspondence and briefly imprisoning the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The Carlisle Barracks, established in 1757, evolved into a key federal installation. During the American Civil War, it was briefly occupied by Confederate forces under General J.E.B. Stuart in 1863, preceding the Battle of Gettysburg. The borough was also the site of the infamous Carlisle Indian Industrial School, operated from 1879 to 1918 under Richard Henry Pratt.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 5.58 square miles, all land. It lies in the Cumberland Valley, a subsection of the Great Appalachian Valley, approximately 18 miles west of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The borough is drained by the Conodoguinet Creek, a tributary of the Susquehanna River. Major transportation routes include Interstate 81, the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76), and U.S. Route 11. The geography has supported agricultural use and facilitated its development as a transportation and commercial center.

Demographics

As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 20,118. The racial makeup was diverse, with a significant presence of White Americans, African Americans, and a growing Hispanic community. The population density was approximately 3,600 people per square mile. Household data indicates a mix of family and non-family units, with a median age slightly below the national average. Educational attainment levels are bolstered by the presence of several colleges and the professional military community associated with the United States Army War College.

Economy

The economy is diversified, with major sectors including defense, education, manufacturing, and healthcare. The United States Army War College and the Carlisle Barracks are major employers and economic drivers. Dickinson College also contributes significantly. Manufacturing has a long history, from historic coachworks to modern firms like Tyson Foods and Graham Packaging. The borough is a regional retail and commercial hub, anchored by the Carlisle Fairgrounds, which hosts major events like the Carlisle Ford Nationals and the Carlisle Import & Performance Nationals. The Penn State Dickinson Law and Central Penn College further contribute to a professional services sector.

Education

Public education is provided by the Carlisle Area School District, which includes Carlisle High School (Pennsylvania). Higher education institutions are prominent, notably the private liberal arts Dickinson College, founded in 1773 by Benjamin Rush and named for John Dickinson. Penn State Dickinson Law, the oldest law school in Pennsylvania, is also located here. Other institutions include a campus of Central Penn College. The United States Army War College provides graduate-level education for senior military officers and government officials. Historically, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School was a federally operated boarding school.

Notable people

Numerous notable individuals have been associated with the borough. Legal and political figures include John Bannister Gibson, a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and Molly Pitcher, a folk hero of the American Revolution. Sports personalities include Hall of Fame National Football League coach Vince Lombardi, who was born here, and Major League Baseball player Clyde Barnhart. In the arts, it was home to poet and Dickinson College professor Marianne Moore, and actor Jimmy Stewart spent part of his youth here. Military leaders like Civil War Union Army general John F. Reynolds and Medal of Honor recipient Thomas W. Custer have strong connections.

Category:Boroughs in Pennsylvania Category:Cumberland County, Pennsylvania Category:County seats in Pennsylvania