Cao Bằng Province
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| Cao Bằng Province | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Name | Cao Bằng Province |
| Settlement type | Province |
| Coordinates | 22, 40, N, 106... |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Vietnam |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Cao Bằng |
| Area total km2 | 6707.9 |
| Population total | 530,341 |
| Population as of | 2021 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Demographics type1 | Demographics |
| Demographics1 title1 | Ethnic Vietnamese |
| Demographics1 info1 | 41.0% |
| Demographics1 title2 | Tày |
| Demographics1 info2 | 35.7% |
| Demographics1 title3 | Nùng |
| Demographics1 info3 | 17.9% |
| Demographics1 title4 | Dao |
| Demographics1 info4 | 3.5% |
| Demographics1 title5 | H'Mông |
| Demographics1 info5 | 1.5% |
| Leader title | Chairman |
| Leader name | Trần Hồng Minh |
| Leader title1 | Secretary |
| Leader name1 | Hoàng Xuân Ánh |
| Timezone | Indochina Time |
| Area code | 206 |
| Iso code | VN-04 |
| Website | http://www.caobang.gov.vn/ |
Cao Bằng Province is a mountainous border province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. It shares a long international border with Guangxi province in the People's Republic of China. The province is renowned for its dramatic karst topography, significant role in modern Vietnamese history, and diverse ethnic composition, being home to the Tày, Nùng, Dao, and H'Mông peoples.
Geography
Cao Bằng is characterized by its rugged, mountainous terrain and is part of the larger Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. The landscape is dominated by spectacular karst formations, with the Bản Giốc Waterfall on the Quây Sơn River forming a natural border with China. Other significant geographic features include the Ngườm Ngao Cave system and the expansive Thang Hen Lake. The province's climate is classified as a tropical monsoon climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons influenced by the East Asian monsoon. Major river systems include the Bằng River and the Hiến River, which flow through deep valleys.
History
The area has been inhabited for millennia by various Tai-speaking groups. It was incorporated into the early Vietnamese state during the Lý dynasty and later became a crucial frontier region under the Lê dynasty and the Nguyễn dynasty. Cao Bằng holds immense significance in 20th-century history as the base for Ho Chi Minh's revolutionary activities upon his return from China in 1941, leading to the establishment of the Việt Minh at Pác Bó. The province was the site of the opening campaign of the First Indochina War, the Battle of Cao Bằng in 1947, and later saw conflict during the Sino-Vietnamese War in 1979.
Administrative divisions
Cao Bằng Province is subdivided into one municipality and nine rural districts. The provincial capital is Cao Bằng City. The rural districts include Bảo Lạc, Bảo Lâm, Hạ Lang, Hà Quảng, Hoà An, Nguyên Bình, Quảng Uyên, Thạch An, and Trùng Khánh. Important towns and communes include Trà Lĩnh, Thông Nông, and Phục Hoà.
Demographics
As of 2021, the population was approximately 530,341. It is one of Vietnam's most ethnically diverse provinces, with ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh) constituting a plurality but not a majority. The largest ethnic minority groups are the Tày and the Nùng, followed by the Dao and the H'Mông. Other groups include the Sán Chay and the Lô Lô. The predominant religions include folk beliefs, Buddhism, and Catholicism, with many ethnic minorities practicing animism.
Economy
The economy is primarily agricultural, with key products including rice, maize, tea, and medicinal herbs. Forestry and livestock rearing, particularly of buffalo and cattle, are important. The province has mineral resources such as tin, tungsten, and bauxite, with mining centered in areas like Nguyên Bình. Hydropower generation is developing on several rivers. A growing sector is tourism, focused on historical sites like Pác Bó and natural attractions including Bản Giốc Waterfall and Ngườm Ngao Cave. Cross-border trade with China through gates like the Tà Lùng International Border Gate is economically significant.
Culture
Cao Bằng is a cultural mosaic, with the Tày and Nùng known for their distinctive stilt houses and traditional crafts like weaving. Important cultural events include the Long Tong Festival and the Lồng Tồng Festival. The province is famous for its Then singing, recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible cultural heritage. Unique local products include Phở chua and hạt dẻ Trùng Khánh (chestnuts). The historical and revolutionary heritage is preserved at the Pác Bó Special National Monument and the Cao Bằng Provincial Museum.
Category:Provinces of Vietnam Category:Cao Bằng Province