Altesse (grape)

Altesse (grape). Altesse is a white wine grape variety primarily cultivated in the Savoie and Bugey regions of eastern France. Known for its high acidity and distinctive aromatic profile, it is the principal grape in the Roussette de Savoie and Roussette du Bugey appellations. While often called Roussette locally, the name Altesse is preferred to avoid confusion with other varieties and is believed by some to reference a noble lineage, possibly linked to the Duchy of Savoy.

History and origins

The exact origins of Altesse are debated, with ampelographers proposing several theories. One longstanding tradition suggests the grape was introduced to the Savoie region from Cyprus in the 15th century by the Dukes of Savoy, possibly Anne of Cyprus, hence its "noble" moniker. However, DNA profiling conducted at the University of California, Davis has not confirmed a direct link to known Cypriot varieties. An alternative hypothesis posits a local Savoie origin, where it may have been selected over centuries for its resilience in cool climates. Historical records from the Jura region also mention a grape called Altesse, indicating a wider historical cultivation before it became concentrated in its modern heartland.

Viticulture and winemaking

Altesse is a mid-ripening variety well-suited to the continental climate of the Alpine foothills. It is moderately vigorous and performs best on well-drained, limestone-rich soils like those found in the Savoie villages of Frangy and Marestel. The vine is susceptible to powdery mildew and coulure, requiring careful vineyard management. In the winery, Altesse is typically vinified in a reductive style in stainless steel tanks to preserve its delicate aromas, though some producers use partial barrel fermentation in oak for added complexity. Malolactic fermentation is often prevented to maintain its characteristic high acidity.

Wine regions and appellations

The primary home of Altesse is eastern France, specifically the Savoie and Bugey wine regions. It is the sole permitted variety for the Roussette de Savoie AOC, which includes four designated crus: Frangy, Marestel, Monterminod, and Monthoux. It is also key in the Roussette du Bugey AOC. Beyond these appellations, Altesse is sometimes blended with other local varieties like Jacquère in Vin de Savoie wines. Limited plantings exist in Switzerland, particularly in the Canton of Vaud, and experimental vineyards can be found in North America.

Wine characteristics

Wines produced from Altesse are celebrated for their pronounced acidity, firm structure, and potential for aging. The aromatic profile is complex, often featuring notes of almond, white flowers, pear, quince, and a distinctive hint of fennel or anise. With bottle age, these wines can develop deeper characteristics reminiscent of honey, beeswax, and minerality. The combination of high acidity and aromatic intensity makes Altesse suitable for producing both dry and, historically, *passerillé* sweet wines.

Synonyms and confusion with other grapes

Altesse is widely known under the synonym **Roussette**, a name used commonly in Savoie and Bugey. This has led to significant confusion, as Roussette is also a local name for the unrelated Chardonnay grape in the Jura and parts of Switzerland. Other historical synonyms include Fusette, Maclon, and Prin Blanc. It is genetically distinct from the Roussanne grape of the Rhône Valley, despite some superficial naming similarities. Correct identification is crucial for the integrity of the Roussette de Savoie AOC regulations.

Category:White wine grape varieties Category:Savoie wine Category:Wine grapes of France