AN/BLQ-10

AN/BLQ-10 is a sophisticated electronic warfare support and signals intelligence system deployed aboard United States Navy submarines. Developed to counter modern threats, it provides critical situational awareness by detecting, identifying, and locating radar and other radio frequency emissions. The system represents a key component in the undersea warfare capabilities of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and U.S. Atlantic Fleet, enhancing the survivability and mission effectiveness of platforms like the Virginia-class submarine and Seawolf-class submarine.

Overview

The AN/BLQ-10 system is a pivotal element of the submarine force's electronic warfare suite, designed to operate in complex and contested electromagnetic environments. Its primary function is to provide commanding officers with a real-time picture of surrounding surface combatant and airborne early warning and control activity. By processing emissions from systems like the AN/SPY-1 and AN/APY-1, it supports fleet operations and contributes to battle group defense. Integration with other onboard systems, such as the AN/BQQ-10 sonar, creates a comprehensive sensor fusion picture for mission planning.

Development and deployment

Development of the AN/BLQ-10 was led by Northrop Grumman under programs managed by the Naval Sea Systems Command. It emerged from earlier efforts like the AN/WLR-8 system to address advancements in Russian Navy and People's Liberation Army Navy capabilities. Initial deployment occurred on Los Angeles-class submarines during the late 1990s, with subsequent integration into newer classes. Key testing and evaluation took place at facilities like Naval Submarine Base New London and during exercises such as RIMPAC. The program has involved collaboration with agencies including the Office of Naval Intelligence and National Security Agency.

Technical description

Technically, the AN/BLQ-10 consists of an array of wideband antenna (radio)s, typically mounted on the sail (submarine) or periscope, connected to high-speed digital receivers and processors. It employs advanced techniques like digital signal processing and machine learning to analyze pulse repetition frequency and modulation characteristics. The system interfaces with the Submarine Warfare Federated Tactical System and can share data via the Common Submarine Radio Room. It is designed to detect emissions across a broad spectrum, from X-band to HF, including those from satellite communication and over-the-horizon radar.

Operational use

In operational use, the AN/BLQ-10 is critical for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions, providing silent, passive detection of threats. It has been employed during deployments to regions like the South China Sea, Strait of Hormuz, and Barents Sea to monitor exercises by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy or the Northern Fleet. Data collected can be used for indications and warning, supporting operations for United States Special Operations Command or informing the National Command Authority. Its use during events like the 2014 annexation of Crimea has been reported by outlets including The War Zone.

Upgrades and variants

The system has undergone continuous evolution through several upgrade blocks, such as the Advanced Capability Build, to counter new systems like the Chinese Type 346 radar. Variants include the AN/BLQ-10A, B, and E, with improvements in processing power and electronic support measures sensitivity. Future upgrades are aligned with the Navy's Integrated Warfare roadmap and may involve technology from the DARPA Radio Frequency Machine Learning Systems program. These efforts ensure compatibility with the Columbia-class submarine and aim to maintain parity with foreign developments from Thales Group and Leonardo S.p.A..

Category:Electronic warfare systems of the United States Category:Submarine equipment Category:Northrop Grumman